Between Jerusalem and Mecca

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This book explores Jerusalem's significance in early Islam, highlighting its sanctity as recognized in the Qurʾān. The text reflects a vision of redemption that aligns with the messianic hopes prevalent in the region, particularly among Jews revitalizing their liturgy in Jerusalem after the Persian victory over Byzantium in 614. Simultaneously, the Qurʾān emphasizes the holiness of Mecca and the Kaʿba, promoting their pre-Islamic significance through the figures of Abraham and Ishmael. The evolving balance of sanctity between Jerusalem and Mecca, favoring the latter, is evident as one moves from the Meccan to the Medinan sūras. This shift occurs against the backdrop of changing relations between Muḥammad and the Jewish community. The book also examines the connection between Muḥammad's circumstances in Medina and the Byzantine victory over the Persians in 628, referenced in Sūrat al-Rūm (30). It highlights the increasing importance of Jerusalem following the arrival of the first Muslims in Palestine. Throughout this period, Mecca faced challenges in maintaining its status as a holy city compared to Jerusalem, with key traditions illustrating the transfer of sanctity from Jerusalem to Mecca, which the book critically analyzes.