Forum für osteuropäische Ideen- und Zeitgeschichte

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Over the last decade, there has been a growing acceptance among Anglophone academics that the core of fascism consists of a vision for a regenerated political culture and national community in a post-liberal age. While a consensus exists, it is not universal; some scholars in fascist studies maintain alternative views, questioning the existence of a shared understanding regarding the centrality of an ultra-nationalist myth of rebirth. The most referenced consensus among sympathetic academics is encapsulated in the definition that fascism is a political ideology characterized by a mythic core of palingenetic populist ultra-nationalism. The totalitarian movements represented by the PNF and NSDAP, along with the regimes they supported, served as role models for revolutionary nationalists during the inter-war period, becoming synonymous with totalitarian, mass-based revolutionary nationalism. This concept emerged following Mussolini's fascismo, the first movement to gain power. However, it was primarily in Italy and Germany where the structural crisis of liberal society was severe enough to foster a genuinely charismatic form of populist politics. This form extended beyond the core activists, generating a consensus that laid the groundwork for a fascist regime.