Beitrag zur Integration und Analyse sicherheitstechnischer Maßnahmen bei der Entwicklung eines kompletten Rechners auf FPGA-Basis

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The increasing demand for functional safety managers highlights the growing importance of functional safety across various industrial sectors, evolving from its initial focus on aviation and process industries over the past two decades. Despite significant changes, its systematic and rigorous nature remains intact, exemplified by the globally recognized safety standard IEC 61508, which applies to diverse fields such as automotive, medicine, and railways. A parallel evolution is observed in FPGA technology, which transitioned from specialized applications to widespread use in testing and prototyping, now integral to daily life. FPGAs offer efficient and timely development capabilities, but these advantages do not easily translate to safety-critical applications. This study examines the relationship between FPGAs and functional safety, analyzing novel design flows from leading manufacturers to assess their suitability for safety applications. The focus is on implementing the On-Chip-Redundancy concept within a SIL2-compliant system. The initial phase involved developing a complete computer architecture on an FPGA-based softcore 32-bit microcontroller. Following successful implementation, various safety measures were integrated to minimize common cause failures and enhance diagnostic coverage. The safety of the system is evaluated by calculating the failure rate of components using gate equivalency and Xilinx reliability calculat